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Marie Magdalene "Marlene" Dietrich (, (:maɐˈleːnə ˈdiːtʁɪç); 27 December 1901 – 6 May 1992) was a German-American actress and singer. Dietrich maintained popularity throughout her unusually long show business career by continually re-inventing herself, professionally and characteristically. In 1920s Berlin, she acted on the stage and in silent films. Her performance as Lola-Lola in ''The Blue Angel'' (1930), directed by Josef von Sternberg, brought her international fame resulting in a contract with Paramount Pictures. Dietrich starred in Hollywood films such as ''Morocco'' (1930), ''Shanghai Express'' (1932) and ''Desire'' (1936). Dietrich successfully traded on her glamorous persona and "exotic" (to Americans) looks, cementing her super-stardom and becoming one of the highest-paid actresses of the era. Dietrich became a U.S. citizen in 1939,〔Dietrich applied for US citizenship in 1937 (("Marlene Dietrich to be US Citizen". ''Painesville Telegraph'', 6 March 1937.) ); it was granted in 1939 (see ("Citizen Soon". ''The Telegraph Herald'', 10 March 1939. ) and ("Seize Luggage of Marlene Dietrich". ''Lawrence Journal World'', 14 June 1939 )).〕 and throughout the Second World War she was a high-profile frontline entertainer. Although she still made occasional films after the end of the Second World War, Dietrich spent most of the 1950s to the 1970s touring the world as a marquee live-show performer. Dietrich was noted for her humanitarian efforts during the War, housing German and French exiles, providing financial support, and even advocating for their US citizenship. For her work improving morale on the front lines in WWII, she received honors from the US, France, Belgium, and Israel. In 1999, the American Film Institute named Dietrich the ninth-greatest female star of classic Hollywood cinema. ==Childhood== Marie Magdalene Dietrich was born on 27 December 1901 in Leberstrasse 65 on the Rote Insel in Schöneberg, now a district of Berlin, Germany. She was the younger of two daughters (her sister Elisabeth was a year older) of Wilhelmina Elisabeth Josephine (née Felsing) and Louis Erich Otto Dietrich, who married in December 1898. Dietrich's mother was from a well-to-do Berlin family who owned a jeweller and clockmaking firm, and her father was a police lieutenant who died in 1907. His best friend Eduard von Losch, an aristocratic first lieutenant in the Grenadiers, courted Wilhelmina and married her in 1916, but he died soon afterward from injuries sustained during the First World War.〔Born as Maria Magdalena, not Marie Magdalene, according to Dietrich's biography by her daughter, Maria Riva titled ''Marlene Dietrich'', ISBN 0-394-58692-1; however Dietrich's bio by Charlotte Chandler, ''Marlene''(2011), ISBN 978-1-4391-8835-4, cites "Marie Magdalene" as her birth name, on page 12〕 Eduard von Losch never officially adopted the Dietrich girls, so Dietrich's surname was never von Losch, as has sometimes been claimed. Her family nicknamed her "Lena" and "Lene" (pronounced Lay-neh). Around age 11, she contracted her two first names to form the name "Marlene". Dietrich attended the Auguste-Viktoria Girls' School from 1907 to 1917〔Bach 1992, p. 20.〕 and graduated from the Victoria-Luise-Schule (today Goethe-Gymnasium Berlin-Wilmersdorf) in 1918.〔Bach 1992, p. 26.〕 She studied the violin〔Bach 1992, p. 32.〕 and became interested in theatre and poetry as a teenager. Her dreams of becoming a concert violinist were curtailed when she injured her wrist,〔Bach 1992, p. 39.〕 but by 1922 she had her first job, playing violin in a pit orchestra that accompanied silent films at a cinema in Berlin. However, she was sacked after only four weeks.〔Bach 1992, p. 42.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Marlene Dietrich」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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